The Drug Problem Essay Example for Free

The Drug Problem Essay Drugs have been a consistent problem of the society. For a long time, the drug problem has been regarded as a criminal problem. Treating it as a criminal problem has only resulted in criminalization and I believe that accepting the drug problem as a social problem could prove more beneficial to the society primarily because there is nothing wrong with merely using or possessing these drugs. The laws of man are based on ethical standards and there is nothing unethical with the possession and the use of the drug. Drugs have only gained its negative image because of negative propaganda. Also, legalizing drugs would come with a load of benefits. According to Benson Roe, professor emeritus and chair of the Cardiothoracic Surgery at the University of California, illegal drugs have not been proven to have any long-term negative effects on the health of people. He narrated an incident when he was removing heart valves from some infected intravenous drug users and getting curious about the effects of the drugs on the users, he went to consult the San Francisco coroner only to discover that the only deaths caused by drugs is through infection contracted through unsafe intravenous injections and very rare cases of overdose (Roe). Roe indicated that no reliable and objective evidence points to drugs as more harmful than any of the substances that are not outlawed. It is often understood that society should keep its citizens away from drugs but the reason for this is unclear (Roe). If no evidence points to drugs being harmful, I strongly believe that there is no reason for drugs to be banned from the society. Also, drugs have never been proven to cause violent behavior. This aspect of the drugs may be blamed on the media since media entities often include the phrase â€Å"drug-related† to a crime even as no direct evidence points to the as the motivating factor for the crime. Merely the presence of drugs in a crime scenario is enough for irresponsible media practitioners to blame it (Jackson, 1998) since sensationalism sells. Often, the crime is motivated by another external factor. The media is unknowingly contributing to the negative drug propaganda (Jackson, 1998). Many politicians also play as advocates of the drug laws just for the sake of forwarding their political campaigns (Jackson, 1998). Anti-drug campaigns always make use of vague and emotive statements to get the support it needs from the public (Russel, 1999). One book entitled Hugs not Drugs: A Drug Abuse Prevention Manual published in the Philippines starts off with a story of how a bright and studious teenage girl got hooked with drugs. The girl later dropped out from school and had relationships with men that took advantage of her. Many anti-drug campaigners make use of such stories to say that drugs are bad. I however believe that these stories are not proof of drugs being bad. In the case of this girl, her actions might have been motivated by something else. She may have problems with her family or may have been sexually abused which is why she resorted to using drugs at a very young age. The book also indicates that crime experts have already established a link between drug use and juvenile and violent crimes. The source of the information was however not cited making it questionable. The book also does not have a clear reference page. This kind of practice is never accepted in the academic world and is evidence of a black propaganda. Drug laws have not been helpful to the society; rather, it is the best ally of the drug pushers (Jackson, 1998). Drugs prices would not be so high if drugs were legal. Legalizing drugs would come with price and quality regulations. The price of drugs would be cheaper when regulated and the already minimal cases of death caused by infected injections and rare cases of overdose would also more likely be eliminated if drugs are to be regulated since the purity of the drugs would be assured. Also, information on proper dosage levels would be made available to the public. Additionally, the government would get additional revenue from the taxed drug trade (Roe). One country has tried legalizing drugs to regulate it. This country is Holland. They treat drugs as a social problem rather than as a criminal problem. Great Britain which implements stricter drug laws have higher crime rates of robbery, burglary, shoplifting and theft from cars compared to Holland. Having drugs legalized in Holland has generally brought crime rate down (Rose, 2002). Drugs are not evil. There is nothing wrong with possessing or using drugs. It is also not a harmful substance unlike what many people and so-called intellectuals call it. Legalizing drugs would work wonders and Holland is a living proof of it. The already minimal number of deaths caused by drugs would be reduced even more. Crime will also decrease as drugs become more affordable. Clearly, there is nothing unethical about the use and possession of drugs. Even as some people under the influence of drugs show violent behaviour, it is not a direct result of the drug. Other factors affect the behavior of a person. Ethical concepts are not used as the basis of drug laws and a law which is not based on ethical principles is not a good law. References Roe, Benson MD. Why We Should Legalize Drugs. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. druglibrary.org/schaffer/Misc/roe1. htm Osorio, Susan. (1997). Hugs Not Drugs: A Drug Abuse Prevention Manual. Manila Mail Publication Philippines. Jackson, Ted. 3 December 1998. Why are drugs illegal. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. a1b2c3. com/drugs/law01. htm Rose, David. 24 February 2002. Two Countries Took the Drug Test. Who Passed?. The Guardian. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from http://www. guardian. co. uk/uk/2002/feb/24/drugsandalcohol. Davidrose Russel, Ken. 1999 July-August. Propaganda The War On Drugs. New Dawn Magazine. Retrieved August 24, 2008, from ttp://www. mapinc. org/drugnews/v99/n711/a10. html

The Matrix Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I’m sitting in a chair, talking to a man that I’ve wanted to know for a long time. His name is Morpheus; I know that he knows more than I do about the world and how it works. Now it’s my turn, in each of his hand’s there is a pill, in one there’s a red pill and in the other a blue pill. The red pill will have me further my knowledge and the true nature of things will be revealed. The blue pill stops any further knowledge and my perception of things will remain unchanged. I take the red pill. Why do I take the red pill?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, let’s consider the way I am. I am a very nosy person who likes taking chances and risks. If I’m given a glimpse of what is real how can I go back? I’m curious as to what lies ahead. For Morpheus to po...

How Do I Develop a Personal Code of Ethics

How do I develop a personal code of ethics? Developing your own personal code of ethics is one of the most important things you can do for yourself. A personal code of ethics puts into writing those ideas and philosophies that are the essence of your life and allows you to say I will do this because I believe this. A code of ethics is a document, which you can look to each day not only as a reminder of what you believe in but also as an encouragement to carry on with your daily walk.The main question most people have is â€Å"how do I develop a personal code of ethics? † The answer really is quite simple, but it will take a little work and thought on your part. First, take stock of your life. Take the time to write down who you are. This is a reflection of who you believe yourself to be. Think of it this way. If you asked a friend to describe you, what would they say? An example of this would be someone saying to you that you are helpful or that you are kind. List all the trai ts that anyone has ever pointed out to you.Second, think about what you believe. Make a list of all of your ethical beliefs. Don’t worry about why you believe them just write down as many of your personal beliefs as you can think of. These are the beliefs that carry you through your everyday life and define your decision-making process. Third, think about the places you work, rest, and play and how you relate to all the people you come in contact with. Are there things that you would like to change about these relationships that would involve listing them in a code of ethics?I am not only talking about any obvious things like any misdealing with customers or family members. I am talking about the little things as well, such as gossip, etc. Fourth, now that you have your beliefs written down, think about why you believe them. This is essential because it sets up how important each of your beliefs are to you. The source of all ethical beliefs is the Bible. So if you have any fa vorite verses, now would be the time to list them next to each of your beliefs that is shaped by a biblical truth.Now that you have all the information about who you are and why you believe what you do, it is time to write and develop a personal code of ethics. This is not as hard as you think it might be, but it will take you a little time to think about what you want to include and not include. The first part of your personal code of ethics is the purpose for your personal code of ethics. Are you writing it to regulate your behavior or to inspire you to greater heights? Whatever your reason, this is where you will develop the philosophy behind your code of ethics.The only requirement is that the purpose, as well as the code of ethics, be tailored to your needs. The second part of your personal code of ethics is what I like to call the â€Å"I will† section of your personal code of ethics. God, in the Bible, set up His â€Å"I will’s† which are based on who He is. This is the same thing you need to do. Go through the list of how people see you and look to see if any match up to what you believe. This is the aspirations section of your document. All the traits that you now exhibit as well as those you wish to develop should be included.The third part of your code of ethics is the rules or beliefs you expect yourself to follow when dealing with other people. These are all the â€Å"why’s† listed in the information gathering part of the process of writing a personal code of ethics. In this section, you might want to list some Bible verses that help you to see the importance of applying your personal code of ethics to your life. Once you are done writing the first draft, look it over and refine it as necessary and as changes come in your life. Remember you are writing the code of ethics and it will be up to you to follow it.

The language of multilingual communities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2912 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? In multilingual settings, code-exchanging is a far reaching marvel that occurs from day by day life and work environments to classes in which particular dialects have been established as their official dialects of direction. Malaysia is among the countries that has multilingual groups that comprises of three principle races; Malay, Chinese and Indians. From the year 1957 to 1967, dialect was utilized as a vital apparatus with a specific end goal to accomplish solidarity and Bahasa Malaysia turns into the national dialect. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The language of multilingual communities" essay for you Create order Beforehand, English was necessary in every school particularly the dialect schools and because of the absence of English teachers around then, the thought was free. In the year 1967, English dialect status was expelled yet it was as yet utilized across the nation. In the year 1956, their Education Committee expected to build up multicultural instruction frameworks that bolster different dialects since Malaysia have multilingual groups and English turns out to be a piece of it. Today, English had turns into a global dialect and informally second dialect in Malaysia since the vast majority utilized it. English languages as a moment dialect status in Malaysia have been supplemented through wide utilization of English language in the community setting and additionally the training setting. Educating of English have been extraordinarily underscored by the administration through its service. Because of this topic, the waning point of English capability among understudies has realized the need to discover how to handle the issue. Educators, thusly, have been utilizing code exchanging as methods for giving understudies the chances to impart and upgrading understudies understanding. Besides, code changing promotes the torrent of classroom teaching sinc e the instructors do not need to devote much energy trying to unveil to the students or looking for the easiest words to elucidate any perplexity that may emerge. Code-exchanging ought not to be measured as an indication of deficiency in the educator. Rather, it is a cautious technique utilized by the instructors. Code-exchanging ought to be permitted at whatever point essential with a few learners in particular circumstances. Richard (1985) proposes that code-exchanging is a phrase in semantics alluding to substitution between at least two dialects in a solitary discussion; extend of talk, or articulations between individuals who have more than one dialect in like manner. Orators of more than one language are recognized for their capability to code change or mix together their dialect along with correspondence. This phenomenon happens when the speaker substitutes an expression or word from one language to a word or expression from another dialect. Numerous instructors have endeavored to characterize the expression code exchanging and each comprehends the ideas from various perspectives. Gumperz (1982) characterized code-exchanging as the utilization of more than one dialect throughout a solitary discourse occasion, taken to allude to educator articulations in the classroom. The educators utilization code-changing with a precise end aim to pass on implications to the understudies. Other than that, Numan (2 001) expressed that code exchanging as a wonder of changing starting with one dialect then onto the next in a similar talk (p. 275). Thus, the word code exchanging in this review is the utilization of two dialects inside between sentences. Intra sentential alludes to the change that happens inside a sentence whilst inter sentential focuses to switches between sentences. To wrap things up, extra sentential alludes to the labels and fillers which dont subsist in the statement rundown of the dialect utilized. Malaysian learners needs to wind up noticeably capable English clients to get to information and data accessible in English and also to have the capacity to convey effectively, along these lines recommending the vital position the understudies may hold later on. In any case, before they be able to become focused on capability level, certainly they should become used to English. Because English goes about as a moment dialect in Malaysia, the absence of presentation is the urgent variable that will thwarts the understudies to end up noticeably capable in English. In this way, classroom guidelines are the mainly profitable knowledge for learners due to the restricted exposures to adequate understandable contribution from the common habitat they may get. Consequently, keeping in mind the end goal to raise they capability level, they should increase adequate conceivable info. It implies the understudies need to increase understanding in the direction of what they’ve learnt before deduction about raising the capability level. This is the place a system to help them learn English as a moment dialect must be connected by instructors. Code exchanging is a type of procedure that will take care of these issues. The motivation behind this review is to explore code exchanging in the educating of English language as a moment dialect to optional school understudies. There are a few elements which are vital in deciding the viability of this review. Attitudes of educators in the utilization of Code exchange or Switch Inside the universe of dialects utilize, code-exchanging has regularly been seen as being of lower status, a technique utilized by powerless dialect entertainers to make up for dialect inadequacy. This perspective of code-exchanging and bi -lingual talk all in all is extra normative based than research based according to Lin 1996 who included that such a scrutiny passes on minimal more than essayists regulating claims regarding what considers standard or true blue dialect. A broad collection of writing researches revealed that code exchanging in classrooms only typical as well as helpful instrument of learning. Rollnick (1996) concerted the science classes and found the use of learners principle dialects to be an effective way for learners to explore their opinion. They challenge that without the use of code exchanging, a few understudies substitute originations might remain unclear. Amin (2009) specified about the acknowledgment to code switch goes past exchanging between dialects; it additionally perceives the benefit of utilizing the language which accepts to enable understudies to draw on valuable sense-production assets. Cook (2001) expressed that specialists see by utilizing code exchanging in the class as a genuine system. Skiba (1997) included that regardless of how it may be troublesome amid a discussion to the audience; despite everything it gives a chance to vernacular advancement. The accompanying is listed as a portion of the thought processes a one speaking may need to switch code: conversational point, part of the speaker, setting of the connection, nature of the two speakers, age, sex, race, ethnic, phonetic foundation, and so forth. Ward (2006) expressed that, when done intentionally, exchanging dialects may likewise enable an orator to affirm control; pronounce solidarity; keep up certain lack of bias when both codes are utilized; express character; et cetera (pg.110). For instance, if a gathering of bi- lingual Malay English speakers are talking in both English and Bahasa Malaysia and a mono lingual, Malay orator joins the discussion, the gathering will in all likelihood start talking just Bahasa Malaysia, keeping in mind the end goal to enable the monolingual to partake in the discussion, consequently communicating their solidarity with the monolingual. Or, on the other hand, if the bi -lingual gathering wishes to state semantic control over the monol ingual, they may keep talking just in English to bar him/her. Lamentably, code-exchanging is regularly wrongly confused as confirmation of an absence of a phonetic capacity of the speaker or decay of one or both dialects. Notwithstanding, socio linguistic study affirms that code-exchanging assumes an imperative part in social capacities, and does not really demonstrate phonetic ineptitude. Along these lines, the fundamental worry here is motive of code exchanging utilized by English educators amid their education in the class. Keeping in mind the end goal to talk about auxiliary into this issue the extension will be corresponded with the parts of English educators in the English dialect classroom. English as a moment dialect status in Malaysia has been concurred through wide utilization of English in the social setting and also the training setting. Educating of English has been significantly underlined by the legislature through its service. In classroom hone, educators have been told to instruct by utilizing superb English in the classrooms. The second or outside dialect learning can just acknowledge the nearness of great contribution to the classroom for learners obtaining. Cook (2001) expressed that all dialect classroom input must be in the objective dialect, a compelling model of dialect utilize can guarantee that the planned learning was effective. Classroom guidelines, along these lines, are the most profitable experience for learners as a result of the constrained exposures to adequate fathomable contribution from their indigenous habitat. Thusly, the decreasing level of English capacity among understudies is the essential inspiration to the need in finding how to deal with this issue. Teachers have been using code trading as a techniques for outfitting understudies with the odds to bestow and enhancing understudies understanding. In addition, code changing empowers the flood of classroom rule since the instructors dont have to contribute so much vitality endeavoring to unveil to the learners or chasing down the minimum complex words to help clearing the understudies understanding. As demonstrated by Norrish (1997), teachers code-switch when the level of English used as a piece of the course perusing or to be told is past the learners ability or when the educators have exhausted the best approach to modify his talk to the learners level. Sorts of Code Switching used as a piece of the Classroom Richard (1985) suggests that code-trading is a term in derivation insinuating substitution between no less than two lingos in a singular discourse; stretch out of talk, or expressions between people who have more than one tongue in like way. Speakers of more than one vernacular are known for their ability to code switch or mix their lingo in the midst of correspondence. This ponder happens when the speaker substitutes a word or expression from one tongue to an expression or word from another vernacular. Ayeomoni (2006) claims that various teachers have attempted to describe the expression code trading and each grasp the thoughts from different points of view. Gumperz (1982) portrayed code-trading as the usage of more than one code or lingo all through a lone talk event, taken to imply teacher expressions in the classroom. Toward the days end, the teachers use code-changing remembering the true objective to pass on suggestions to the understudies. Other than that, Numan and Carter (20 01) communicated that code trading as a wonder of changing beginning with one lingo then onto the following in a comparable talk (p. 275). It was determined that code trading can be apportioned into two classes which are intra sentential and bury sentential. Intra sentential is a switch that occurs in the midst of a sentence. It was generally called code mixing. For example, my sweetheart suka solidified yogurt. Suka implies like in the Malay lingo. The veritable sentence is My significant other preferences solidified yogurt. A word from the Malay tongue is supplanted by an English word in a sentence. The later is a switch of lingo that happens between sentences. A sensible case would i say i is got an A for my drawing, awak macam mana, Farid?. Awak macam mana implies shouldnt something be said in regards to you. The right sentence should be I got an A for my drawing, shouldnt something be said in regards to you, Farid?. The principle sentence uses English and the later is in Bahasa Malaysia. There is one more kind of code trading which is additional sentential as presents by Hamers and Blanc (1989), additional sentential switches fuse marks and fillers. A dumbfounding instance of an area additional sentential code changing that close to our lifestyle is Later lah. Lah is a particle by and large used by Malaysians and Singaporean in their talk. Holmes (2008) communicated that the atom Lah is used to show closeness or solidarity in a relationship. Thusly, the term code trading in this audit is the use of two tongues inside a sentence or between sentences. Intra sentential implies the switch that occurs inside a sentence while bury sentential concentrations to switches between sentences. To wrap things up, additional sentential suggests the names and fillers that dont exist in the word once-over of the vernacular used. Elements of Code Switching used as a piece of the Classroom Code trading has an arrangement of limits which change according to the subject, people required in talk and the setting where the discourse is happened. Mixture puncher (2006) have inspected the purpose of code transforming from a sociolinguistics perspective, in which he recorded twelve essential explanations behind code trading, which are noteworthy to bilinguals talks all things considered. Some of these limits can be found in classroom condition and in centrality to teachers and understudies correspondences. As shown by Baker (2006) code trading can be used to complement a particular point, to substitute a word set up of darken word in the goal tongue, to express a thought that has no corresponding in the lifestyle of the other lingo, to reinforce a request, to clear up a point, to express identity and confer family relationship, to straightforwardness weight and implant shrewdness into a discourse, and in some bilingual conditions, code trading happens when certain subjects are introduced. In the substituting a word in another tongue, Man and Lu (2006) found that in Hong Kong schools, both teachers and understudies genuine clarification behind code trading was that there was no quick understanding of words among English and Cantonese, also, a comparative examination of Man and Lu found that instructors in Hong Kong schools use code changing moreover to straightforwardness strain and implant strangeness into dialogs. In a past survey, Eldridge (1996) has recorded four purposes in which understudy code trading as correspondence, floor holding, and accentuation and battle control. Proportionality which is a strategy that bilingual used to find what should be known as the dark word reference of the target lingo in the speakers first tongue to vanquish the deficiency in vernacular wellness in second vernacular. The second explanation behind code trading is for floor holding which is a framework used by bilingual understudies in the midst of talking in the target lingo to fill in the stopgap in view of words in neighborhood tongue keeping the true objective to keep up the commonality of the exchange. The third explanation behind is accentuation, as it deduces, it is underlining and reinforcing a message that has been transmitted at first in the target tongue however then understudies rely on upon reiterating the message in first vernacular to pass on to the educator that the message is gotten on. The last limit is battle control, which is used to discard any misinterpretation when the exact criticalness of a word is not known in the correspondence. These investigates showed that, the teachers and understudies used of code trading is not by and large performed purposefully; which infers that the instructor which is the essential stress for this audit is not for the most part aware of the limits and consequences of the code trading process. Thusly, on occasion it may be seen as a customized and neglectful lead. Regardless, either discerning or not, it basically serves some essential limits which may be profitable in tongue learning circumstances. Mattson (1999) communicated that these limits are recorded as point switch, passionate limits, and monotonous limits. (p. 61). Remembering the ultimate objective to have a general idea with respect to these, it will be appropriate to give a brief elucidation about every limit. In subject switch cases, the teacher modifies his or her vernacular as shown by the point that is under exchange. This is generally found in sentence structure bearing, that the instructor moves his tongue to the main dialect of his understudies in overseeing particular phonetic utilize centers, which are told at that moment. In these cases, the understudies thought is composed to the new data by making usage of code trading and as necessities be making use of neighborhood tongue. Presently it may be prescribed that an expansion from known (nearby vernacular) to darken (new remote lingo substance) is constructed remembering the ultimate objective to trade the new substance and significance is illuminated thusly as it is furthermore proposed by Cole (1998): an instructor can attempt understudies past L1 learning information to manufactu re their cognizance of L2. Despite the limit of code trading named as subject switch, the ponder in like manner passes on loaded with feeling limits that serve for enunciation of emotions. In such manner, code trading is used by the teacher remembering the true objective to collect solidarity and individual relations with the understudies. In this sense, one may talk off the dedication of code trading for making a solid tongue condition in the classroom. As said some time as of late, this is not for the most part a perceptive strategy regarding the teacher. Another illumination for the value of code trading in classroom settings is its excess limit. For this circumstance, the teacher uses code changing remembering the ultimate objective to trade the major learning for the understudies for clearness. Taking after the course in target tongue, the teacher code changes to neighborhood lingo remembering the true objective to light up importance, and thusly focuses on criticalness on the outside vernacular substance for beneficial appreciation. Regardless, the slant to go over the rule in neighborhood vernacular may provoke some undesired understudy hones. A learner who is sure that the rule in outside vernacular will be trailed by a neighborhood tongue translation may lose energy for tuning into the past heading which will have negative insightful results; as the understudy is displayed to remote lingo talk limitedly.